Recently somebody gave me one of those budget books of famous quotations, in this case one by Nietzsche. The difficult nature of many of the quotations in the book got me thinking about what a complex and idiosyncratic thinker this guy is. Give someone a book of quotations from say, Marx or Darwin, and they would have a reasonable idea about all their key ideas, but give them some elementary book on Nietzsche, and they may well end up knowing even less than when they started.
Admittedly, I probably just as confused about many aspects of Nietzsche as most moderately intelligent people who’ve read a few bits and pieces of his writings, but one thing I do feel pretty confident about is that he wasn’t an egalitarian. Despite the mountain of clues to indicate that Nietzsche was an unsentimental elitist, many left-liberal intellectuals on the one hand, and Christian traditionalists on the other, have gone to implausibe and convoluted lengths to claim that he was some sort of radical egalitarian leftist.
The attempt by the religious right to paint Neitzsche as an egalitarian leftist seems to be based on the logic that because, he’s anti-Christian, he must be opposed to traditional social orders, and ideas like Medieval man’s equivalent of the Bell-Curve, the ‘chain of being.’ However, Nietzsche’s anti-Christian views weren’t, as he is keen to point out, based on egalitarianism, but on classical elitism, specifically the idea that Christianity is an impediment to the strong and successful with its idea that ‘the weak shall inherit the earth.’
The left-wing argument that Neitzsche was a progressive egalitarian in even more inplausible, and seems to be based on nothing more than the snobbish idea that because he was anti-Christian and highly intelligent, then their must be something deeply left-wing and progressive about him. The modern left seems to be attached to salvaging Nietzsche because failing to do so would be to admit that it’s actually possible for an intelligent and innovative thinker to be a right-winger.
Just because Neitzsche was an elitist though, doesn’t mean he was much of a traditional conservative. According to Cate, there was much in his anti-sentimental thinking to appeal to the Fascists and revolutionary conservatives of the 1920s and 30s. Like today’s pagan nationalists for example, he believed that Christianity was an exotic and destructive import from the Near-East that needed cleansing from the West. However, there are also a lot of ideas in Nietzsche’s thinking that might appeal to right liberal technocrats. For example, he was very fond of Napoleon and was a strong supporter of the idea of uniting Europe into a political and economic federation with a rational, technocratic government.
Again though, just because he believed in rational leadership and large-scale confederations doesn’t mean he was a colour-blind internationalist in the modern mould. According to descriptions of Nietzsche’s views of international politics, he is perhaps best described as a civilisationist who believed in race-mixing, free trade and international governance, but only as far as the continental level. Helping the improverished third world through the UN and Christian aid agencies for example, would have been seen as decadent sentimentality, unworthy of what he considered great European leaders like Napoleon ane Julius Caesar.
Among modern political movements, the most Nietzschian-like would probably be the (now largely defunct) U.S. Paleoconservatives, and among modern thinkers, Nietzsche views seemed to be echoed in some of the ideas of Samuel Huntington, John Gray and Murray Rothbard.